The Introduction argues for the increasing urgency of questions regarding American identity and societal direction amidst a backdrop of calls to “renew America” and overcome a “moral crisis.” The authors reflect on the longstanding debate over these questions, which has intensified due to growing concerns about social stability, trust in institutions, and the future of national well-being. Economic uncertainties, job insecurity, and widening income disparities fuel this unease, challenging the notion that the global economy’s growth equates to opportunities for most Americans. Instead, economic shifts have led to “downsizing,” “re-engineered” jobs, and widespread job losses, with little public protest against these changes.

The text highlights a shared belief among Americans that economic success or failure lies solely with the individual, a perspective unique to the United States compared to other industrial nations. This belief persists despite the greater income inequality and economic deprivation in the US, prompting the authors to question whether this cultural value is contributing to the nation’s challenges.

The Introduction revisits the concept of individualism, described as the “first language” Americans use to understand their lives. This cultural orientation values independence and self-reliance, associating these qualities with success in a competitive society.