The main theme of this novel is the importance of subverting unfair authoritarian systems. North condemns communities like Fairchild, destructive and repressive places that rely on misogyny, homophobia, and racism to keep their citizens in line. There, women have no choices other than to conform to the requirements of motherhood and marriage.

To make a truly inclusive and good society, individuals must be true to themselves. Ada, who has internalized her society’s disgust at her inability of her body to get pregnant, must unlearn everything she has been taught about women who can’t bear children. This happens first at the convent, where other nonconforming women find some respite from the judging world. The rest of her rejection of the conservative ideology indoctrinated in Fairchild happens with the Hole in the Wall Gang, a radical group of independent women who rebel against strict gender norms and are feared for their steadfastness.

Lark also embodies this theme. Treated with inhumane cruelty by his community, he too endures many years of self-hatred. But Lark discovers how to accept and even appreciate himself. In so doing, Lark can live a happier, more independent life. Lark doesn’t allow society to determine who he is.