One of the most significant and influential writers of the 19th century, Nikolai Gogol was born in Sorochyntsi, Ukraine, in 1809. Gogol's early life was marked by poverty and familial hardships. His upbringing in a small village greatly influenced his later works, showcasing a blend of realism and elements of Ukrainian folklore. Gogol emerged as a prominent literary figure during a time when Russian literature was undergoing a transformation, moving away from the prevalent Romanticism toward a more realistic portrayal of society. His works, characterized by vivid descriptions, satirical elements, and a deep understanding of human nature, played a pivotal role in shaping this shift.

The Government Inspector is one of Gogol's most celebrated works. Despite the initial controversy surrounding the play, with some officials attempting to censor its performance due to its criticisms of bureaucracy, the play eventually gained widespread acclaim. His best-known work, the novel Dead Souls (1842), is a satire which explores the flaws of the Russian gentry. Meanwhile, his short stories, including The Overcoat and The Nose, further solidified his place in the literary pantheon.

Gogol's personal life was marked by turmoil and spiritual struggles.