This chapter, partly early Meccan and partly Medinan, reflects the Prophet’s spiritual preparation for his mission. It opens with the Prophet being called to devote himself to night prayer, recite the Qur’an, and seek refuge in God, emphasizing the importance of patience and endurance against the hostility of his opponents. It forewarns disbelievers of their punishment in Hell and reminds them of Pharaoh’s downfall when he rejected the divine message.

In the concluding Medinan verse, God relaxes the rigorous night devotion initially prescribed for the Prophet and his followers, acknowledging the challenges of their worldly commitments while urging them to maintain prayer, charity, and trust in God’s mercy.

This early Meccan surah (or chapter) begins with the Prophet being urged to rise and proclaim God’s greatness, cleanse himself of impurities, and remain steadfast in his mission. It transitions into a condemnation of obstinate disbelievers, particularly singling out one opponent for his arrogance and mockery of divine revelation. The surah describes the dreadful torment awaiting disbelievers in Hell, contrasting it with the steadfastness required of the Prophet. The imagery of the Day of Judgment underscores the gravity of their rejection of the truth, urging them to heed God’s sovereignty and mercy.